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href="/">首頁</a> > <a href='/support'>技術支持</a> > 污水泵常見故障與維修 </div> <div class="pro_main"> <div id="con"> <h1 style="text-align:center; font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; line-height:40px;">污水泵常見故障與維修</h1> <p style="text-align:center; line-height:28px;">添加時間：2020-12-08 點擊量：<span id='clickNum'><script src='/clickNum?moduleType=2&id=9'></script></span></p> <div class="pro_con"> <p>污水泵運行與保養</p><p>污水泵由于產品制造的質量，選型和安裝的不正確，操作和維護的不當或者長期使用后零部件的磨損和電動機與電纜絕緣材料的老化變質等原因會引起故障。電泵出故障后應及時地查明原因加以排除，才能繼續使用，否則會造成事故?，F將電泵常見的故障及其處理方法詳細介紹并列表說明：</p><p>1．電泵不能起動或起動困難</p><p>故障現象：合上電源開關后，電泵不能起動；或者電動機起動后轉速上不去，水泵不出水或出水量小。</p><p>出現這種情況可以從電氣和機械兩方面進行檢查與分析：</p><p>(1)電氣方面電源電壓過低會使較大的電泵起動困難，即使起動起來運行時電流很大，電動機也會過熱。檢查和調整變壓器的電壓即可解決。<br/></p><p>變壓器的容量太小，電動機起動也會困難，可換用合適容量的變壓器。</p><p>供電線路的截面太小，線路過長，致使線路的電壓降落太大而電動機起動困難；應換用截面較大的線路或靠近變壓器。</p><p>電動機兩相供電，一相無電流，電動機起動不了?？捎勉Q形電流表檢查三相電流，或觀察控制柜上的電流表。如為兩相供電，應立即切斷電源；檢查電源開關的接觸是否良好，主回路的接線是否有斷頭或松動，熔斷器是否燒斷。</p><p>*后，如以上均無問題，再檢查電力電纜線是否有斷相，電纜接頭是否良好；電動機繞組是否有燒斷，查明原因排除故障。</p><p>(2)機械方面電動機的三相電流均有，電流大而又平衡，電動機起動不起來，應從機械方面查找原因。電動機與水泵的軸承抱軸，葉輪卡住，水泵或電動機內進入異物都會使電動機起動不了。。拆開機泵進行檢查，排除故障或修理之。</p><p>水泵起動故障及其處理方法可參照表1</p><p> 表1 電泵起動故障及奠處理方法</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="128" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="117" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="128" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電源電壓過低</p><p>a．變壓器輸出電壓低</p><p>b．供電線路截面太小</p><p>c供電線路過長</p><p> </p></td><td width="117" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> </p><p>a．調節變壓器電壓</p><p>b．換用截面較大的線路</p><p>c．挪近變壓器</p></td><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電力電纜壓降太大</p><p>a．電纜線過長</p><p>b．電纜線截面太小</p><p> </p><p>電動機繞組燒壞或斷相</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> </p><p>a．截去多余部分</p><p>b．換用較大截面的電纓</p><p>c.大修，更換繞組</p></td></tr><tr><td width="128" valign="top" rowspan="4" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電源單相供電</p><p>a．電源開關接觸不良</p><p>b．熔斷器燒斷</p><p>c．控制柜主回路接線松動</p><p>d．電力電纜線斷相</p></td><td width="117" valign="top" rowspan="4" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>a．修理觸頭或更換開關</p><p>b．換用熔絲或熔片</p><p>c．檢查并擰緊接線頭</p><p>d．進行修復</p></td><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電動機導軸承抱軸</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>大修或更換軸承</p></td></tr><tr><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>水泵軸承抱軸</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>大修或更換軸承</p></td></tr><tr><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>水泵葉輪卡住</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>大修或更換葉輪</p></td></tr><tr><td width="131" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>水泵或電動機內有異物</p></td><td width="108" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>拆開機泵，取出異物</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br/></p><p>2</p><p> 1．電泵不能起動或起動困難</p><p>故障現象：合上電源開關后，電泵不能起動；或者電動機起動后轉速上不去，水泵不出水或出水量小。</p><p>出現這種情況可以從電氣和機械兩方面進行檢查與分析：</p><p>(1)電氣方面電源電壓過低會使較大的電泵起動困難，即使起動起來運行時電流很大，電動機也會過熱。檢查和調整變壓器的電壓即可解決。</p><p>變壓器的容量太小，電動機起動也會困難，可換用合適容量的變壓器。</p><p>供電線路的截面太小，線路過長，致使線路的電壓降落太大而電動機起動困難；應換用截面較大的線路或靠近變壓器。</p><p>電動機兩相供電，一相無電流，電動機起動不了?？捎勉Q形電流表檢查三相電流，或觀察控制柜上的電流表。如為兩相供電，應立即切斷電源；檢查電源開關的接觸是否良好，主回路的接線是否有斷頭或松動，熔斷器是否燒斷。</p><p>*后，如以上均無問題，再檢查電力電纜線是否有斷相，電纜接頭是否良好；電動機繞組是否有燒斷，查明原因排除故障。</p><p>(2)機械方面電動機的三相電流均有，電流大而又平衡，電動機起動不起來，應從機械方面查找原因。電動機與水泵的軸承抱軸，葉輪卡住，水泵或電動機內進入異物都會使電動機起動不了。。拆開機泵進行檢查，排除故障或修理之電泵出水故障及其處理方法可參照表2</p><p> 表2 電泵出水故障及其處理方法</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 1)水泵反轉</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 改變電纜線任兩相相序</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 2)泵吸不到水</p><p> a．吸入口濾網堵塞</p><p> b．水位低于水泵的吸水口</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> a．清理濾網</p><p> b．停機或增加葉輪和揚水管，使水泵潛入水中</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 3)揚水管管路漏水量大</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 檢查修理揚水管管路</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 4)水泵殼體之間漏水</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 檢查和重新裝配水泵</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 5)水泵密封口環磨損</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 修理或更換磨損件</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 6)泵軸斷裂</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，更換泵軸</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 7)電動機與泵的聯軸器松脫</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 重新組裝機泵或更換聯軸器</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 8)揚程超過</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 換用功率較大的電泵</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 9)管路中的積水結冰</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 化冰后再開機</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 10)電源電壓過低</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表 1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 11)電力電纜壓降太大</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表 1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 12)電動機單相供電</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表 1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 13)電動機繞組短路</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，更換繞組</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 14)電動機轉子導條斷或開焊</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 更換轉子或進行補焊</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>3．電泵振動大</p><p>故障現象：電泵運行時振動劇烈，手摸輸水管道、泵座有明顯的振動感覺，并伴有異雜聲。</p><p>電泵振動劇烈大都是機械上的毛病所造成。如電泵組裝不良，機泵的軸線不在同一條直線上；泵座的螺釘未擰緊，均會使電泵產生振動。另外，井筒的偏斜使泵組處在歪斜狀態下工作，泵座受力不均勻也會使機組振動，嚴重時泵座下部會斷裂，導致電泵掉入井內，應重新組裝電泵后再下井使用。</p><p>電泵經長期運行后零部件的磨損，松動也會引起電泵振動，應進行保養和更換磨損件。</p><p>電泵振動大及其處理方法可參照表3。</p><p>表3 電泵振動大及處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機推力軸承磨損過大</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節墊片或更換軸承</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機導軸承磨損過大</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 更換軸瓦或軸承</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機掃膛</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 更換導軸承或車小轉子外圓，適當加大氣隙</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機轉子不平衡</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 校正轉子動平衡</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 聯軸器松動</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 重新組裝電泵</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 水泵軸瓦磨損過大</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 更換軸瓦</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 葉輪磨損</p><p> a．水泵和電動機組裝不當，葉輪在泵殼內的間隙不均勻</p><p> b．電動機推力軸承磨損過大</p><p> c．電動機過載，水泵轉子上下竄動</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> </p><p> a．重新組裝電泵，調正葉輪間隙</p><p> b．見前述</p><p> c．調節閘閥，減小流量</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 水泵葉輪不平衡</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 校正葉輪平衡</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 泵軸彎曲 </p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，調直泵軸或更換</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 泵座螺釘未擰緊</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 擰緊螺釘</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 機泵組裝時軸線未對正</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 重新組裝對準兩機軸線</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 動水位接近水泵吸人口</p></td><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 停機或增加葉輪和揚水管</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>4．電泵耗用電功率增大</p><p>故障現象：電泵運行時水泵的揚程和流量為額定工況，但電流表的指針超過電動機的額定電流，致使耗用電功率增大。</p><p>電泵耗用電功率的增大主要是機械上的毛病。如新安裝的電泵聯軸器組裝不當，即機泵的軸線不在同一條直線上，葉輪掃泵殼，會使電泵運轉時電流增大，應重新組裝電泵。正常運行的電泵，電動機導軸承和推力軸承的磨損；水泵軸承</p><p>和葉輪的磨損；電動機轉子的掃膛。這些都會增加電泵的機械損失，導致電流增大并耗用電功率。電泵運用到一定時間應進行保養和更換易損件。</p><p>電泵耗電大的原因及其處理方法可參照表4。</p><p> </p><p>表4 電泵耗電大的原因及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="246" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="244" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 流量大泵轉子上竄，葉輪掃泵殼</p><p> 水泵軸瓦磨損過大</p><p> 葉輪掃泵殼</p><p> 電動機和水泵組裝不當</p><p> 電動機推力軸承磨損過大</p><p> 電動機掃膛</p><p> 水中含沙量大</p></td><td width="246" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節閘閥，減小流量</p><p> 如表3</p><p> 重新組裝電泵，使葉輪在泵殼內的間隙均勻</p><p> 如表3 </p><p> 如表3</p><p> 如表3</p><p> 重新洗井或換用帶機械密封的電泵</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>5．電泵突然不轉</p><p>故障現象：電泵在正常使用中突然不轉，輸水管道不出水。電流表的電流等于零或出現短路電流值。</p><p>電氣上，電源停電，電源開關失靈跳閘，熔斷器燒斷或者電動機繞組短路，電纜接頭的損壞都會使電泵突然停轉，應逐項查明原因解決。</p><p>機械上，機泵軸承的抱軸，葉輪卡住都會使電泵停轉。這時電動機處在短路狀態，電流會很大，應立即關電源。拆開機泵進行檢查與修理。</p><p>電泵停轉及其處理方法可參照表5。</p><p> 表3．39電泵停轉及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="137" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="107" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td><td width="142" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="106" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="137" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電源停電</p><p>電動機繞組燒壞</p><p>電動機導軸承抱軸</p><p>繼電器失靈電源開關跳閘</p></td><td width="107" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>恢復供電</p><p>如表1</p><p>如表1</p><p>檢查調正或更換電器</p></td><td width="142" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>熔斷器燒斷</p><p>水泵軸承抱軸</p><p>葉輪卡住</p><p> </p></td><td width="106" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>更換熔絲或熔片</p><p>如表1</p><p>如表 1</p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>6．電動機絕緣電阻下降，阻值偏低</p><p>故障現象：用兆歐表測電動機絕緣電阻，前后測得的數值有明顯的下降，低于允許的*小值。</p><p>絕緣電阻下降和阻值偏低是電氣回路的毛病，包括：電動機繞組，引出電纜和電力電纜以及電纜接頭的絕緣損壞或老化變質。</p><p>電泵安裝后試車前發現絕緣電阻低，電動機及井內部分的電纜線一般不會有問題；在機泵組裝下井時，絕緣電阻經檢查是合格的，應檢查地面電纜及電纜接頭的絕緣質量。</p><p>正常使用的電泵絕緣電阻下降較大，多是電泵經長期使用后電動機繞組，電纜線和電纜接頭的絕緣老化所造成。這種情況應加強檢查，一旦絕緣電阻降低到*小允許值，就該對電泵進行保養、檢查修理或更換定子繞組與電纜。</p><p>電動機絕緣電阻故障及其處理方法可參照表6。</p><p>表6 電動機絕緣電阻故障及其處理</p><p> </p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機繞組線絕緣損壞</p><p> 電動機過載，繞組絕緣老化</p><p> 電纜接頭絕緣損壞或性能下降</p><p> 電力電纜絕緣破損</p><p> 控制柜電器元件或線路絕緣不良</p></td><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，更換繞組</p><p> 降低水泵流量，或大修更換繞組</p><p> 檢查確定后進行修補或重包絕緣</p><p> 檢查與修補絕緣或更換電纜</p><p> 進行檢查，修理或更換</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>7．電動機絕緣電阻為零，但電泵仍能正常運行</p><p>故障現象：測電動機的絕緣電阻為零，但是電泵仍能正常運行，電泵設備也并不漏電。</p><p>這種情況比較特殊，只有在定子繞組星形接法的電動機上才會發生。繞組中的中性點即零點的絕緣損壞對地的絕緣電阻為零，電動機繞組接地搖不出絕緣電阻來。繞組的絕緣良好，中性點電位為零，所以設備也不漏電；電動機的電流也不會增大，電泵運行正常。但這是不符合電氣安全操作規程的，應將電泵提井，拆開電動機，包扎好中性點的絕緣，使定子繞組的絕緣電阻值恢復到正常水平，電泵才能重新投入運行。</p><p>8．電流表擺動<br/></p><p>故障現象：電泵運行時電流表擺動快，擺幅大。</p><p>電網電壓的波動會造成電動機電流的波動，使電流表緩慢擺動，屬正常情況。</p><p>水泵流量過大使轉子上下竄動，電流表就會出現不正常的擺動。</p><p>動水位下降到水泵的吸入口附近，水泵供水不足，時斷時出會造成電流表的擺動?？梢栽黾铀玫募墧岛蛽P水管，使吸入口保證在動水位以下。如不宜增加水泵級數和揚水管，那么就停機或調節閘閥減小流量。但要注意這樣會增加水泵的軸向力，對電動機的推力軸承不利，僅僅是一種臨時應急措施而已。</p><p>水泵葉輪掃泵殼，葉輪松動或嚴重磨損也會造成電流表的擺動，應更換零件。</p><p>電流表擺動及其處理方法可參照表7</p><p>表7 電流表擺動及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 流量大，水泵轉子上下竄動</p><p> 電動機推力軸承磨損大</p><p> 電動機掃膛</p><p> 葉輪掃泵殼</p><p> 水泵軸承磨損大</p><p> 動水位降到水泵吸人口，間歇出水</p></td><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節閘閥，減小流量</p><p> 如表3</p><p> 如表3</p><p> 如表4</p><p> 如表3</p><p> 停機或增加葉輪和揚水管</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>9．電器元件保護脫扣</p><p>故障現象：電泵正常運行時，電器元件保護脫扣，電源開關跳閘，電泵停轉。</p><p>電器元件的保護脫扣主要是由于：負載波動超過額定負載；電動機單相供電；電壓過低等原因造成的。機泵零件的嚴重磨損；電子轉子掃膛；水泵葉輪掃泵殼；電器失靈誤動作，都會導致電源開關的跳閘，要逐一查明原因排除故障。</p><p>電器元件脫扣及其處理方法可參照表8。</p><p>表8電器元件脫扣及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="95" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="149" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td><td width="99" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="149" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="95" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電動機過載</p><p>電動機單相運轉</p><p>電動機掃膛</p><p>電源電壓過低</p></td><td width="149" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>調節閘閥，減小流量</p><p>如表1</p><p>如表3 </p><p>如表1</p></td><td width="99" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電力電纜壓降過大</p><p>水泵反轉</p><p>葉輪卡住或掃泵殼</p><p>繼電器誤動作</p></td><td width="149" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>如表3=35</p><p>掉換電力電纜任兩相的相序</p><p>如表1，表2</p><p>檢查，調正或更換電器</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>此外，電動機和電纜的有些故障對電泵的使用、維護和修理也是非常重要的。</p><p>10．電動機繞組燒壞</p><p>故障現象：電動機繞組燒壞、短路或碰地、水泵就停止轉動而不出水，電流表無電流(繞組燒斷)或出現大電流(繞組短路)。</p><p>如果繞組絕緣損壞出現碰地情況會使設備漏電，非常危險，切勿用手去觸摸電泵包括揚水管和閘閥等，以防觸電，應立即切斷電源。</p><p>繞組燒壞應拆開電動機修理或更換繞組。</p><p>電動機繞組故障及其處理方法可參照表9。</p><p>表9 電動機繞組故障及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p>電動機過載而電器開關失靈，不能自動跳閘</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節閘閥減小流量；檢查電器開關的保護動作能，進行修理或更換</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機單相運轉</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電源電壓過低</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機繞組匝間，相間或對地短路</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，更換繞組</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機掃膛，磨破定子繞組端部</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，修補絕緣或更換繞組</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機導軸承抱軸</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電力電纜壓降過大</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表2</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電泵脫水運轉，冷卻惡化</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 增加葉輪和揚水管，安裝低水位保護</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電泵起動過于頻繁</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 按產品說明書要求操作</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 水泵軸承抱軸</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 水泵葉輪卡住</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表1</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電泵起動后閘閥未打開</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 停機或迅速打開閘閥</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機陷入污泥散熱不良</p></td><td width="248" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 重新安裝電泵</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>11．推力軸承磨損快或偏磨</p><p>故障現象：電動機的推力軸承磨損快，電泵運行會不正常；電流增大，電勒表擺動；轉子竄動；電泵有雜音或振動。</p><p>查明原因，對電動機進行維護保養。</p><p>推力軸承故障及其處理方法可參照表10。</p><p>表10 推力軸承故障及其處理 </p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機內部進入沙子</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 保養電動機，清洗零部件</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機零部件裝配面的0形密封環損壞</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調換新密封環</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機裝配螺釘的。形密封墊圈損壞</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調換新密封墊圈</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機引出電纜線出線口的密封墊損壞</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調換新密封墊</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節囊破裂</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調換新件</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 機械密封出毛病</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 大修，更換機械密封或動、靜磨塊</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 迷宮帽松動</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 擰緊螺釘或調換新件</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 軸伸油封損壞</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 換用新油封</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 流量大，水泵轉子上下竄動</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節閘閥，減小流量</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 水泵軸向力過大</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 調節閘閥，減小流量</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電泵組裝不當</p></td><td width="242" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 重新組裝，對準兩機軸線</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>12．導軸承磨損快或偏磨</p><p>故障現象：電動機導軸承磨損快或偏磨會影響電泵的正常運行，使軸承間隙增大，超過允許值使電動機“掃膛"，電流表擺動。</p><p>查明原因，對電動機進行維護保養。</p><p>導軸承故障及其處理方法可參照表11。</p><p>表11 導軸承故障及其處理</p><table cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class="firstRow"><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-width: 1px; border-style: outset; border-color: windowtext;"><p> 故障原因</p></td><td width="246" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: 1px outset windowtext; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 處理方法</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機定轉子不同心</p><p> a．機殼止口與定子鐵心內圓不同心</p><p> b．軸承座止口與內圓不同心</p></td><td width="246" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> </p><p> a．以止口定位適當車削定子鐵心內圓</p><p> b．更換軸承座，或以止口定位車內圓，換配軸瓦</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 電動機內部進入沙子</p></td><td width="246" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: none; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 如表10</p></td></tr><tr><td width="245" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-left: 1px outset windowtext; border-right: 1px outset windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px outset windowtext;"><p> 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